Installing a reverse osmosis (RO) water filtration system can remove up to 99% of contaminants from your water supply, providing healthier, tastier drinking and cooking water right from your tap. While RO systems require some plumbing work, the installation process is straightforward if you take the proper precautions. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to install a reverse osmosis water filtration system in your home.
Choosing the Right Reverse Osmosis System
The first step is selecting the right reverse osmosis system for your needs. Consider the following:
- Size of home and water usage – The size of the RO system should match the amount of filtered water your household uses daily. Standard systems filter 30-50 gallons per day, while larger systems can filter up to 100 gallons for larger homes.
- Water pressure – RO systems require adequate water pressure (typically 40-80 psi) to force water through the membranes. If your home’s pressure is low, a booster pump can be added.
- Water source – Well water with high sediment may need pre-filters, while public water with chlorine may need a post-filter to remove tastes/odors. Let your water quality guide filter choices.
- Filtration stages – More filtration stages mean better contaminant removal. Four or five-stage systems are recommended for heavily contaminated source water.
Once you select the appropriate system, gather all the parts and tools needed for installation.
Parts and Tools Needed
Standard installation parts and tools:
- Reverse osmosis system and filters
- Feed water adapter tee and valve
- Drain saddle valve and tubing
- Faucet with air gap and tubing
- Tank shut-off valve and tubing
- 1/4” and 1/8” tubing cutter
- Variable speed drill
- Safety glasses
- Teflon tape
- Adjustable wrenches
- Phillips and slot screwdrivers
- Utility knife
- Emery cloth
- Rag
- Bucket
Step 1 – Install the Feed Water Adapter
The feed water adapter tee diverts water from the main cold water pipe to the RO system. To install:
- Turn off main water supply and open nearby faucet to depressurize plumbing.
- Cut into the main cold water line at an accessible location.
- Install the feed water adapter tee using tubing cutters. Ensure directional arrow points towards RO system.
- Attach feed water adapter valve to tee. Wrap threads properly with Teflon tape.
- Turn main water supply back on and check for leaks. Tighten fittings as needed.
Step 2 – Mount the RO System
Find a location to mount the RO system under the sink or in a basement/utility area near the water source.
- Use a variable speed drill and appropriate drill bits to mount the bracket.
- Hang the RO system on the bracket and secure in place.
- Ensure the system is upright and oriented properly according to the installation directions.
Step 3 – Install the Drain Saddle
The drain saddle assembly diverts waste water from the RO to the sink drain pipe. To install:
- Locate an accessible section of vertical drain pipe under the sink.
- Use a hole saw to drill an appropriate sized hole for the drain saddle. Deburr edges smooth.
- Position drain saddle over hole and tighten bolts evenly so saddle adheres securely to drain pipe.
- Attach waste water tubing to the saddle barb fitting.
Step 4 – Install the Faucet
The RO faucet dispenses filtered water. Choose a conspicuous spot for the faucet.
- Drill a 1/8” to 1/4” hole for the faucet shank using a diamond or carbide bit.
- Feed faucet tubing through the hole and apply plumbers putty around base.
- Mount the faucet and tighten compression fitting.
- Attach product water tubing from the RO system to the faucet tubing.
Step 5 – Install the Storage Tank
The storage tank holds the filtered water.
- Select an appropriate location for the tank, like under the sink or in a basement.
- Attach the tank shut-off valve to the tank and secure tightly.
- Connect the tubing between the tank and RO system.
Step 6 – Activate and Flush the System
After installing all components:
- Turn on the feed water valve to activate the RO system.
- Open the faucet and empty the tank to flush out new filters.
- Close faucet once tank is empty and allow to refill completely.
- Check all connections for leaks during this process.
- Turn on tank shut-off valve once flushing is complete. System is now ready for use.
Maintaining Your Reverse Osmosis System
For optimal performance:
- Replace filters as recommended (every 6-12 months).
- Sanitize system annually with chloride tablets.
- Test TDS monthly to ensure proper contaminant removal.
- Clear any obstructions slowing drainage.
- Monitor for leaks/damage and repair immediately.
Installing an RO system greatly improves home water quality when done properly. Follow the steps outlined above carefully to ensure your system operates safely and efficiently. Reach out to a professional if any complications arise during installation. With regular maintenance, your reverse osmosis filtration system will provide pure water for many years.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I know what size system I need?
Choose an RO system that can filter around three times the amount of water your household uses daily. Standard systems filter 30-50 gallons for 1-2 people, while larger systems filter up to 100 gallons for families of four or more.
What tubing is best for the RO system?
Use FDA-approved polyethylene tubing specifically designed for RO systems. 1/4 inch tubing is recommended for the main supply line, while 1/8 inch tubing can be used for lines between components.
Where should I mount the RO storage tank?
Most tanks can be installed under the sink near the RO system. Otherwise, choose a nearby basement or utility room location. Keep the tank and RO unit close together to prevent pressure loss.
How often should RO filters be changed?
The pre-filter and post-filter should be replaced every 6-12 months. The RO membrane can last 2-3 years if maintained properly. Always change filters per the manufacturer’s recommendations.
Why is the initial water flow slow?
The first tank filling can take 2-3 hours as the filters flush out. Flow will improve after this break-in period. A low water pressure issue can also restrict flow, requiring a booster pump.
How can I improve RO drainage?
Check that the drain saddle is drilled properly and secured tightly to the pipe. Clear any kinks or obstructions in the tubing. Clean the flow restrictor regularly to remove sediment buildup.
